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FRAUD
Information about Fraud -
Security Alert
In the broadest sense, a fraud is a
deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual.
The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction. Fraud is
a crime, and is also a civil law violation. Many hoaxes are
fraudulent, although those not made for personal gain are not
technically frauds. Defrauding people of money is presumably the
most common type of fraud, but there have also been many fraudulent
"discoveries" in art, archaeology, and science.
If you are the victim of a fraud
and want to report it for enforcement, then you may contact
specific agency related to the fraud category. In some cases
there is more than one agency to contact. Some frauds fit into
more than one category.
In criminal law, fraud is the
crime or offense of deliberately deceiving another in order to
damage them – usually, to obtain property or services unjustly.
Fraud can be accomplished through the aid of forged objects. In the
criminal law of common law jurisdictions it may be called "theft by
deception," "larceny by trick," "larceny by fraud and deception," or
something similar.
Fraud for profit involves
industry professionals. There are generally multiple loan
transactions with several financial institutions involved. These
frauds include numerous gross misrepresentations including: income
is overstated, assets are overstated, collateral is overstated, the
length of employment is overstated or fictitious employment is
reported, and employment is backstopped by conspirators. The
borrower's debts are not fully disclosed, nor is the borrower's
credit history, which is often altered. Often, the borrower assumes
the identity of another person (straw buyer). The borrower states he
intends to use the property for occupancy when he/she intends to use
the property for rental income, or is purchasing the property for
another party (nominee). Appraisals almost always list the property
as owner-occupied. Down payments do not exist or are borrowed and
disguised with a fraudulent gift letter. The property value is
inflated (faulty appraisal) to increase the sales value to make up
for no down payment and to generate cash proceeds in fraud for
profit.
Scams
Against Businesses
Individual consumers aren't
the only victims of fraud. Businesses, from large
corporations to small stores, are targets for a variety of
illegal schemes. No matter whether the con artist uses the
mail, the telephone, or the Internet, the best defense
against scams is to follow these basic rules:
- Do business with
companies you know and trust. If you don't know
them, check them out.
- Understand the
offer. Get all the details and promises in writing.
- Check all bills
and invoices carefully. It's hard to get your money
back once you've paid it to a con artist.
- Guard your
financial or other account information. Don't
provide it to anyone unless there is a legitimate reason
to do so as part of a transaction.
- Educate your
employees about avoiding scams. Make sure they
understand their roles and responsibilities.
Notable frauds
-
Frank Abagnale Jr.,
US
impostor
who wrote bad checks and falsely represented himself as
a qualified member of professions such as airline pilot,
doctor, and attorney. The film
Catch Me If You Can is
based on his life.
-
Eddie Antar,
founder of
Crazy Eddie,
who has about $1 billion worth of judgements against him
stemming from fraudulent accounting practices at that
company.
-
Ramón Báez Figueroa,
banker from the
Dominican Republic
and former president of Banco Intercontinental.
Sentenced on October 21, 2007 to ten years in prison for
a US$2.2 billion fraud case that drove the Caribbean
nation into an economic crisis in 2003.
-
Cassie Chadwick,
who pretended to be
Andrew Carnegie's
daughter to get loans.
-
Charles Dawson,
an amateur British archeologist who claimed to have
found the Piltdown man.
-
Richard Eaton,
an
English
businessman who was business partners with mobster
Paul Vario
and
Jimmy Burke
and was involved in the
Lufthansa heist.
-
Bernard Ebbers,
founder of
WorldCom,
which inflated its asset statements by about $11
billion.
-
Martin Frankel
is a former U.S.
financier,
convicted in 2002 of insurance fraud worth $208 million,
racketeering and money laundering.
-
Konrad Kujau,
German fraudster and forger responsible for the "Hitler
Diaries".
-
Kenneth Lay,
the American businessman who built energy company Enron.
He was one of the highest paid CEOs in America until he
was ousted as Chairman and was convicted of fraud and
conspiracy, although as a result of his death, his
conviction was vacated.[1]
-
Nick Leeson,
English trader whose unsupervised speculative trading
caused the collapse of Barings Bank.
-
James Paul Lewis, Jr.,
ran one of the biggest ($311 million) and longest
running Ponzi Schemes (20 years) in US history.
-
Gregor MacGregor,
Scottish conman who tried to attract investment and
settlers for the non-existent country of
Poyais.
-
Bernard L. Madoff,
creator of a $50 billion Ponzi scheme -- the largest
investor fraud ever attributed to a single individual.
-
Colleen McCabe,
British headmistress who stole £½ million from her
school.
-
Gaston Means,
a professional conman during U.S. President
Warren G. Harding's
administration.
-
Michael Milken,
"The Junk Bond King".
-
Barry Minkow
and the ZZZZ Best scam.
-
Michael Monus,
founder of
Phar-Mor,
which ultimately cost its investors more than $1
billion.
-
Lou Pearlman,
former boy-band manager indicted by a federal grand jury
in Orlando on charges that he schemed to bilk banks out
of more than $100 million.
-
Frederick Emerson Peters,
US impersonator who wrote bad checks.
-
Charles Ponzi
and the
Ponzi scheme.
-
Alves Reis,
who forged documents to print 100,000,000 PTE in
official
escudo
banknotes (adjusted for inflation, it would be worth
about US$150 million today).
-
Christopher Rocancourt,
a Rockefeller impersonator who defrauded
Hollywood
celebrities.
-
John Spano,
a struggling businessman who faked massive success in an
attempt to buy out the
New York Islanders
of the
NHL.
-
John Stonehouse,
the last Postmaster-General of the UK and MP who faked
his death.
-
Richard Whitney,
who stole from the
New York Stock Exchange Gratuity Fund
in the 1930s.
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- Corruption at the
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RealTruth.org/Corruption_at_the_Top
- SmitFraud Remover
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- LECG Expert
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Fraud
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Additional
information about
Fraud
by Ben Shaffer
Credit Card fraud
is rampant online. Take 7 easy steps to start
protecting yourself.
by Ralph
Roberts
Knowledge is
power, and it's the best way to eliminate fraud
in the real estate industry.
by Jason
Murphy
Georgian
anti-fraud law minimizes risks of investing
in Georgia real estate.
by
Jimmy Ellis
Learn how
to detect Medicare fraud before you
become a victim. Use simple guide to
protect you and your family from
Medicare scams.
by
Shawn Cornell
Occupational fraud is when an
employee violates their corporate
duty to obtain personal benefit. The
six types of occupational fraud are
employee embezzlement, management
fraud, investment fraud, vendor
fraud, customer fraud, and misc.
fraud. Awareness is the first step
in prevention.
by Jennifer Jordan
Wine fraud, by definition, is a
type of fraud where customers
are sold wine illegally. Like a
grape known for being seedy or a
vineyard known for being shady,
wine fraud has the potential to
spoil the wine lover's spirit.
This wine is sometimes filled
with chemicals that can cause
sickness or it is cheap wine
sold for prices much higher than
it's worth. While it may seem
that wine fraud is limited to
wines sold in back alleys, or
out of the trunks of beaten down
cars, many cases of wine fraud
are sold by seemingly legit
vendors. You may have been a
victim of wine fraud and never
even realized it.
by Louis Zhang
Types of insurance fraud
and scams - automobile,
home, life and health
insurance fraud. How to
spot and report them.
by Michelle Thiel
Mortgage fraud can
hurt your company's
reputation and your
bottom line.
Technology has
evolved to help
mortgage
professionals with
loan fraud risk
management
solutions.
by Daniel J Osborne
The health care
fraud problem will
not be solved solely
by amassing a large
amount of resources
to attack the
problem, creating
consortium's to
share information
and research the
problem, or with the
introduction of
additional laws or
regulations from
politicians stumping
for re-election. The
investigation of
health care fraud
for the purpose of
prosecuting the
offenders is needed.
But, also needed is
a mandatory
educational process
for our providers,
insurers and
investigators on
combating health
care fraud.
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All information about fraud, definitions of frauds, fraud
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